West Nile virus is a mosquito borne illness, which means that it is caused by the bite of an infected mosquito. In a few cases, West Nile virus has been spread through blood transfusions. However, the risk of developing the infection this way is very low due to routine screening of donated blood.
There have also been a few reports of pregnant women passing on West Nile virus to their fetuses. For Patients. Contact the Division of Infectious Diseases Febrile illness fever in some people.
About 1 in 5 people who are infected develop a fever with other symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Most people with febrile illness due to West Nile virus recover completely, but fatigue and weakness can last for weeks or months. Serious symptoms in a few people. About 1 in people who are infected develop a severe illness affecting the central nervous system such as encephalitis inflammation of the brain or meningitis inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. West Nile virus. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages. A product containing 20 percent DEET provides almost four hours of protection from mosquito bites. A product with 6. Products with 4. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends using caution when applying insect repellent on children:.
Use products with DEET concentrations of 30 percent or less on children ages 2 to Some experts suggest that it is acceptable to apply repellent with low concentrations of DEET to infants older than two months.
There is no evidence that using DEET concentrations greater than 30 percent offer any additional benefit. Do not apply repellent to children's hands because children tend to put their hands in their mouths.
Do not use combination sunscreen-insect repellent products because reapplying frequently enough to prevent sunburn will expose your child to too much DEET. Do not apply repellent to skin under clothing.
If repellent is applied to clothing, wash treated clothing before wearing again. West Nile Virus in Children. Symptoms may include: Fever Headache Body aches Skin rash on trunk of body Swollen lymph glands The more severe form of the West Nile virus West Nile encephalitis, West Nile meningitis, or West Nile meningoencephalitis that is present in one out of cases, occurs when the virus crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Symptoms of West Nile encephalitis, West Nile meningitis, or West Nile meningoencephalitis in children may include: Headache High fever Neck stiffness Stupor a state of impaired consciousness, extreme lethargy, and reduced reactivity to external stimuli Disorientation Coma Tremors Convulsions Muscle weakness Paralysis The symptoms of West Nile virus may resemble other conditions or medical problems. If a person develops the more severe form of the disease, West Nile encephalitis or meningitis, treatment may include intensive supportive therapy, such as: Hospitalization Intravenous fluids Respiratory support ventilator Prevention of secondary infections such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections Nursing care.
Always follow the directions on the insect repellent you're using in order to determine how frequently you need to reapply repellent: Sweating, perspiration, or water may require reapplication of the product. Do not apply repellent to cuts, wounds, or irritated skin. After your child returns indoors, wash treated skin with soap and water.
Do not spray aerosol or pump products in enclosed areas. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends using caution when applying insect repellent on children: Use products with DEET concentrations of 30 percent or less on children ages 2 to When using repellent on a child, apply it to your own hands and then rub them on your child.
Avoid children's eyes and mouth and use the repellent sparingly around their ears. Do not allow a young child to apply his or her own insect repellent. Keep repellents out of reach of children. Do not apply permethrin containing repellants directly to your child's skin.
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